Designing rewards-based crowdfunding campaigns for strategic (but distracted) contributors

In rewards-based crowdfunding, entrepreneurs solicit donations from a large number of individual contributors. If total donations exceed a prespecified funding target, the entrepreneur distributes nonmonetary rewards to contributors; otherwise, their donations are refunded. We study how to design such campaigns when contributors choose not just whether to contribute, but also when to contribute. We show that strategic contribution behavior—when contributors intentionally delay until campaign success is likely—can arise from the combination of nonrefundable (potentially very small) hassle costs and the risk of campaign failure, and can explain pledging patterns commonly observed in crowdfunding. Furthermore, such delays do not hurt the entrepreneur if contributors are perfectly rational, but they do if contributors are distracted, that is, if they might fail to return to the campaign after an intentional delay. To mitigate this, we find that an entrepreneur can use a simple menu of rewards with a fixed number of units sold at a low price, and an unlimited number sold at a higher price; this segments contributors over time based on the information they observe upon arrival. We show that, despite its simplicity, such a menu performs well compared to a theoretically optimal menu consisting of an infinite number of different rewards and price levels under many conditions.     

Design of follow‐up experiments for improving model discrimination and parameter estimation

One goal of experimentation is to identify which design parameters most significantly influence the mean performance of a system. Another goal is to obtain good parameter estimates for a response model that quantifies how the mean performance depends on influential parameters. Most experimental design techniques focus on one goal at a time. This paper proposes a new entropy‐based design criterion for follow‐up experiments that jointly identifies the important parameters and reduces the variance of parameter estimates. We simplify computations for the normal linear model by identifying an approximation that leads to a closed form solution. The criterion is applied to an example from the experimental design literature, to a known model and to a critical care facility simulation experiment. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Partial penetration of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Changing and optimizing the projectile nose shape is an important way to achieve specific ballistic performance. One special ballistic performance is the embedding effect, which can achieve a delayed high-explosive reaction on the target surface. This embedding effect includes a rebound phase that is significantly different from the traditional penetration process. To better study embedment behavior, this study proposed a novel nose shape called an annular grooved projectile and defined its interaction process with the ductile metal plate as partial penetration. Specifically, we conducted a series of low-velocity-ballistic tests in which these steel projectiles were used to strike 16-mm-thick target plates made with 2024-O aluminum alloy. We observed the dynamic evolution characteristics of this aluminum alloy near the impact craters and analyzed these characteristics by corresponding cross-sectional views and numerical simulations. The results indicated that the penetration resistance had a brief decrease that was influenced by its groove structure, but then it increased significantly-that is, the fluctuation of penetration resistance was affected by the irregular nose shape. Moreover, we visualized the distribution of the material in the groove and its inflow process through the rheology lines in microscopic tests and the highlighted mesh lines in simulations. The combination of these phenomena revealed the embed-ment mechanism of the annular grooved projectile and optimized the design of the groove shape to achieve a more firm embedment performance. The embedment was achieved primarily by the target material filled in the groove structure. Therefore, preventing the shear failure that occurred on the filling material was key to achieving this embedding effect.     

如何在防化科研试验中加强安全保密工作

针对我院科研试验的特点和要求,分析了安全保密工作的艰巨性和重要性,明确了安全保密总要求,提出了把安全保密工作落到实处的具体措施。     

基于正交实验的弹道导弹射程灵敏度参数分析

传统灵敏度分析方法无法得出弹道导弹射程的高敏感影响因素。针对这一问题，提出利用基于正交试验的灵敏度分析方法，对影响弹道导弹战标的主要参数进行分析。选取射程灵敏度问题，设计了实验方案与分析流程，并依托弹道模型进行了仿真。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于探索性计算实验的信息化武器装备体系优化方法

针对信息化武器装备体系复杂系统的结构优化问题,以综合集成思想和复杂自适应系统理论为指导,提出探索性计算实验优化方法和面向探索性计算实验的SABI(System of system,Agent,Behavior,Interaction)建模方法。在分析武器装备体系结构优化目标的基础上,依据武器装备体系探索性计算实验自顶向下的探索分析和自底向上的综合集成分析的要求,给出了武器装备体系结构探索性计算实验优化分析逻辑框架和基于多Agent的武器装备体系探索性计算实验优化分析模型。     

普通物理实验CAI的制作设想

普通物理学实验是公共必修课,随着电子技术迅速发展,多媒体已被广泛的运用,使人机交互能力大大提高,它正作为一种重要的教学媒体迅速应用于教学过程中,对促进教学现代化起着十分重要的作用.因此,制作CAI课件使学生由被动学习变主动学习,并能加深学生对实验内容的理解,对实验现象的观察和规范学生的实验操作技能,从而达到有效提高教学质量和教学效率的目的.     

基于计算实验的C4ISR能力分析系统架构研究*

面向C4ISR能力分析需求,借鉴计算实验的思想,从不确定性因子分析、想定空间规划、仿真实验、数据分析和不确定性因子调整五个活动论述了基于计算实验的C4ISR能力分析运行框架。以网络中心战为背景,以C4ISR体系对抗为中心,构建了一种基于计算实验的C4ISR能力分析系统架构,涉及高性能计算环境,军事想定系统、实验规划系统、可重用建模环境、仿真联邦和评估系统等六部分,并对各部分功能和系统总体流程进行了分析。     

Do Employers Favor those with Military Experience in the U.S. Reserve Forces? Evidence from a Field Experiment

This study examines whether completed service in the military reserves results in a civilian labor market benefit. Reservists are not completely absent from the civilian labor market during their military service, possibly allowing them to receive the benefits associated with military experience without forgoing valuable civilian labor market experience. Using a resume study, the results suggest that completed service in the military reserves, relative to no military experience, increases the probability of receiving a request for an interview by 19%.